Flat parasitic worms are represented in the fauna of our planet mainly by digetic plates (cat and liver bicarry) and tape worms (bull and pig tape, wide tape, echinococcus).
The diseases caused by them are called helminthias.Worm nutrients are absorbed by a rotating hole or the surface of their body with an osmosis.
List of diseases
Helminthoses caused by flat poisons are classified according to different signs - the method of infection, number of owners, forms of life, etc.
Depending on the presence or absence of an intermediate host, 3 diseases are distinguished:
- Geogelmintosis,in which worms do not need a temporary owner.Geo -Gogelminthiasis worms are localized in the human body, which is the last master for them.
- Biogelmintosis,It is characterized by the fact that the parasites, in addition to the main (final) host, also need a mediator.
- HimenolepidosisOr otherwise contagious (contact) helminthias, in which parasites are transmitted from person to person.From the human body, the parasites are distinguished by the mature, ready for further occupation.
Depending on the development features, pathogens are classified:
- by the occupation method;
- by the nature of life in the external environment;
- By value occupied in human pathology.
Cestode invasia can occur in various ways penetration through the skin, when swallowing worm eggs, with insect carriers bite.Migration of parasites is often associated with violations of tissue and organs integrity.
Important!Most often, the cestodes are located in the gastrointestinal tract.But some types of helminths were placed in organs and other systems - the liver, lungs, bile ducts.
Helminthosis is a common name for diseases caused by the presence of worms.Conquests of specific types of helminths often wear specific names.Here are some of the diseases caused by some types of flat parasites.
Tenarism is a disease that occurs during infection with a bull chain.Invasia is characterized by pronounced toxic-allergic manifestations and dyspeptic disorders.
Tusiarinchosis belongs to biogelmintosis.That is, Bull tapeworm has the last host (person) and intermediate (cattle).The infection occurs by entering the human body of worms when you eat mistakenly cooked meat of an infected animal.The parasite is localized in the intestine, fixing its walls with suction cups, which at the same time damage the integrity of the intestinal tissue.
Tusiarinchosis often persists without symptoms.But in the case of severe lesion, the following manifestations of the disease develop:
- indigestion;
- nausea;
- bad appetite;
- abundant saliva;
- Feeling of severity in epigastria;
- heartburn;
- vomiting
Teniosis is helminthiasis caused by infection with the pork chain.It is characterized by damage to both individual organs (brain, eyes) and systemic disorders (indigestion, violation of central nervous system functions).
Tapeworm i derrit është një krimb shirit që parazitizon në zorrët e vogla të një personi.Parts of his body, along with eggs, secreted during intestinal movements, are eaten by pigs, who become an intermediate hospitality for the cork.Përveç derrave, roli i këtij të fundit mund të luajë harqe, qen, lepuj, deve.Një person është mjeshtri i vetëm i fundit për Helmint.
For information!They are infected with a chain when using a welded or insufficient fried pork, occupation through water and dirty hands is possible.
The clinical photography of Tusia is similar to the manifestations of tenarinchosis, only more pronounced.Chain -infected people can fall into short -term pallor.In the complex form of tissue tissue and human organs are affected by cork eggs with the formation of disabled larvae - cystic.Depending on the localization of the latter, severe violations of heart and brain activity, vision of vision (including full blindness) are possible.
echo
Echinococcosis is caused by stripe worms with alveococcus and echinococcus.
Conquests are taking place with the participation of two owners:
- intermediate (comprehensive and herbivorous ungulates, the person), in which the shape of the helminth larvae parasitizes;
- Final (PS - Jackals, Wolves, Foxes), with adults of worms.
Echinococcosis is transmitted to a person from animals, that is, they are in their type of zone invasions.The infection occurs by eggs in hand, vegetables, fruits.
The disease manifests itself in 2 forms:
- with a single shipyard (moisturizer, cysticized);
- and ecinococcosis with many shrimp (alveococcosis).
For humans, echinococcosis is the process of forming cysts (fin) that arise in different organs - heart, liver, lungs, bones, brains.Probably the formation of metastases that resemble cancer.
Exactly!The clinic and severity of the disease are determined by the size and number of cysts, their localization.The affected organs are subject to dystrophic changes (parenchyma atrophy, stroma sclerosis).Parasite metabolism products cause toxic-allergic reactions.With a rupture of an irritated cyst, anaphylactic shock is not excluded.
Himenolepidosis
The disease is caused by a dwarf upholstery - a relatively small helminth if we compare it to other representatives of this class.
Tapeworm has a head, neck and small body divided into members.When its eggs are inserted into the human body, they develop into a larva attached to the villi to the intestinal wall.The larvae turn into young individuals (cystycecoids), which are an intermediate phase between the larvae and the adult helminth.
A cysticoid is a very dangerous dwarf life for the owner, as the cysticemcoids are able to destroy the intestinal wall with the formation of inflammation and erosion.The human body reacts to the loss of anemia and signs of poisoning.
Eggs are placed on the adults of the cork.When the helminth reaches a certain length, some members of his body with the eggs break down and exits with feces.The rest remains in the gut and continues its life cycle.
Invasia from the dwarf chain occurs when you drink polluted water, consume gelminth of vegetables and fruits, when mixing with hands on which there are eggs, faces and lips.
Hymenolepidosis is manifested by the following main symptoms:
- rapid weight loss;
- stomach pain;
- Strong weakness.
The disease is diagnosed based on the results of the fecal analysis.Treatment is performed by synthetic medicines, the doctor prescribes the dose and obtaining after examining the patient and studies the analysis data.
The main way to prevent infection is to respect cleanliness: frequent hand washing and showering, changing clothes, maintaining a bathroom with the help of effective disinfectants.
Danger to people
Invasias from cestodes (hymenolepidosis, dihylobotriosis, tusiasis, cystyckosis, shades are very dangerous, filled with threatening life complications.
It is worth knowing!The manifestation of helminthiasis may be different depending on the systems and organs affected by the worms and the rate of infection.With damage to the central nervous system, behavioral insufficiency, paralysis, epileptic seizures, hyperactivity can occur.The patient may suffer headaches and dizziness, weakness, insomnia.
Allergic reactions in the form of edema, urticari or quincke's food allergies often occur in response to infection.
Significant digestive disorders can be observed, manifested in the form of diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, thick or sharp pain in the abdomen.In some cases, pancreatitis and cholecystitis can develop.The consequence of a violation of the functionality of the gastrointestinal tract is, as a rule, a sharp loss in weight.
Blood tests can detect hypochromic and eosinophiline anemia.
PREVENTION
Prevention is mainly reduced in accordance with personal hygiene rules.Without this, it is almost impossible to avoid infection, being in an environment where helminth eggs are common.No less important from the point of view of preventing occupation is the accurate treatment of meat heat and other products.
Key recommendations for prevention:
- Be sure to wash your hands when you get out of the way, before meals, after reference to natural needs.
- Eat only pure fruits and vegetables, well washed.
- Drink only boiled or bottled water.Even filtered water can contain parasite eggs, not to mention what is supplied by water supply without filtration.
- Avoid very close contact with pets - not to leave them in bed, not to kiss.Regularly check our "younger brothers" for helminths, if necessary, contact a veterinary clinic.
- Wash the bed most often and brain drawers, especially the baby.
- Maintain your immunity to the right level.This will allow the body to withstand Helminthias itself.
- In the presence of circumstances that create an increased risk of infection (business travel or tourist trip to exotic places, stay in groups where the risk of occupation is high), use the preventive intake of antigelminths.But this should be done no more than 2 times a year with a mandatory consultation with a doctor.
If the infection has occurred, then the drug is prescribed by the doctor individually.These are usually tablet medicines.In more severe cases, injections, droppers, radiation are used.
Traditional medicine tools, with their proper use, are also effective in the fight against Helminthias.